Decision
of the Complaints Committee – 29183-20 Abassi v Daily Mirror
Summary
of Complaint
1. Kamran
Abassi complained to the Independent Press Standards Organisation that the
Daily Mirror breached Clause 1 (Accuracy), Clause 2 (Privacy), Clause 10
(Clandestine devices and subterfuge), Clause 12 (Discrimination), Clause 15
(Witness payments in criminal trials) and Clause 16 (Payments to criminals) of
the Editors’ Code of Practice in an article headlined “DRUG DEALERS 'WORK IN
CARE HOMES TO RECRUIT KIDS”, published on 11 November 2020.
2. The
front-page article reported on an investigation into the exploitation of
children living in care homes. The article, which continued on pages 4 and 5,
said that a ten-month investigation by the publication had uncovered claims
that Care 4 Children (C4C) staff were grooming children to sell drugs. It
reported that the police had spoken with four individuals, who “had [previously]
worked in a series of C4C homes across the North West”, in relation to
allegations of modern slavery and trafficking offences. The article reported
the claims made by whistle-blowers and stated that the publication had seen
documentation to support these including “notes” from an internal meeting at
C4C. The article included a statement from C4C which made clear that the
organisation had denied the claims made, re-issued their whistleblowing policy,
and appointed an internal independent investigator to examine the allegations.
The article also provided a brief overview of C4C, reporting that in 2020 the
organisation had won a “£8.8m contract with Darlington Borough Council” to
provide children homes services.
3. The
article reported that the publication had also sought comment from the
complainant, who it said was the founder and managing director of C4C, but that
his lawyer had stated that he had “no intention of participating with or
engaging with any dialogue” on the matter. The article included a photograph of
the complainant, entering a vehicle, captioned: “Boss C4C founder Kamran
Abassi”. This was published alongside a photograph of the exterior of C4C’s
head office and beneath a “stock image” of a drug exchange.
4. The
article also appeared online under the headline “Drug dealers 'work in care
homes to recruit kids', major investigation uncovers”.
5. The
complainant, who had ceased to occupy the role of Managing Director of C4C in
September 2020, some weeks prior to the article’s publication, and was not
making a complaint on behalf of the organisation, said that the article was
inaccurate and misleading, in breach of Clause 1. First, the complainant said
that contrary to the article’s claim, C4C had not been awarded a £8.8m contract
with Darlington Borough Council to provide children homes services. He said C4C
had won only part of this contract, shared between 17 providers and 5 local
authorities. This was part of a multiple awardees contract as shown by the
tender that was publicly available online.
6. Second,
the complainant did not accept that there had been a “ten-month investigation”
by the newspaper but rather the article had been based upon information
obtained from a “disreputable” source. He said that the headline of the article
had presented the serious and damaging allegation that drug dealers worked in
C4C homes as fact - a misimpression, he argued, that was compounded by the
inclusion of the image illustrating a drug exchange.
7. Third,
the complainant said that the inclusion of the photograph with the caption
identifying him by name, alongside the larger image of a drug exchange, gave
the misimpression that he was involved in illicit activity and discredited him.
Furthermore, he expressed concern that the reporter had approached him for
comment only two days prior to publication and whilst a police investigation
into the matter was still ongoing.
8.
Furthermore, the complainant said that one former employee of C4C, who he
believed to be the lead whistle-blower, had reportedly made self-admissions to
“selling” his story to the newspaper after failing in their attempts to
“extort” money from the company. He said that the material published had been
obtained by this induvial using “illegal recordings”, in breach of Clause 10 (Clandestine
devices and subterfuge). He also suggested that as a result of the previous
convictions of this individual and his “deep-rooted connections” to a criminal
gang, the publication was in breach of Clause 16 (Payments to criminals).
Though the complainant accepted that the police investigation into the matter
had concluded without further action, he said that the article had been
published whilst their investigation was ongoing, and the whistle-blower could
quite conceivably have been called as a witness. As such, he considered it was
also in breach of Clause 15 (Witness payments in criminal trials).
9. The
complainant also said the article breached Clause 2 (Privacy) by publishing a
photograph of him in the driveway outside his home, which he accepted was
visible from the public street outside, without his consent and permission. He
questioned the decision by the newspaper to identify him and suggested that
this was influenced to some extent by his race and colour, in breach of Clause
12.
10. The
publication did not accept any breach of the Editors’ Code. Notwithstanding
this, the publication accepted that the article was inaccurate to report that
C4C had won a £8.8 million contract from Darlington Borough Council, amending
the online article and publishing a footnote correction to record this. It also
offered to publish the following correction in-print on page 2 of the
newspaper:
“Our
article 'From care to county lines' 11 November 2020 reported that Care 4
Children won a £8.8m contract with Darlington Borough Council to provide
children’s homes services. In fact, C4C won only part of this contract as part
of a multiple awardees contract. We are happy to clarify this.”
11.
Whilst the publication accepted that the complainant’s first point of complaint
represented an inaccuracy, it did not accept that this was significant given
that C4C had won part of the contract from the council.
12. In
addition, it did not accept that the complainant’s further concerns raised a
breach of Clause 1. It noted that the article made clear that the claims that
drug dealers worked in C4C care homes to recruit children was not a claim of
fact; rather, it was conjecture and presented as such, by way of the use
inverted commas in the headline and attributing these claims to the
whistle-blowers within the text of the article. It noted that the complainant’s
concern about the length of the newspaper’s investigation was speculative and
not based upon any evidence. It added that the article did not report or suggest
any wrongdoing on the part of the complainant, with the caption of the disputed
image showing his likeness and clearly indicating his role at the organisation.
It denied a breach of Clause 12.
13. In
regard to the complainant’s privacy concerns under Clause 2, the newspaper
maintained that the photograph had been taken in a public place where the
complainant had no reasonable expectation of privacy. It observed that the
complainant had accepted that his driveway, where he had been positioned when
the photograph was taken, was clearly visible from the street outside his home,
and did not reveal any personal information about him other than his likeness.
It did not accept a breach of Clause 2.
14. The
newspaper made clear that it did not accept that the information regarding
illegal activity at the homes was obtained by subterfuge, in breach of Clause
10. It said that no “hacking or any other unlawful [or] illicit activity” was
undertaken in order to view and obtain the notes from the internal meeting at
C4C. It also explicitly denied the unauthorised removal of confidential
documents, however the publication did not provide any further information in
relation to this, citing its obligation to protect the whistle-blowers. Nor did
it accept the concerns raised by the complainant in relation to Clause 15 and
Clause 16. The newspaper maintained that no payment, or offer of payment, had
been made to the whistle-blowers and noted that the complainant had provided no
evidence to substantiate the alleged ‘self-admissions’ made by the person whom
he believed to be the lead whistle-blower. It added that in any event Clause 16
did not prohibit anyone with a criminal record receiving payment from a
newspaper. The newspaper made clear that the article did not attempt to
glorify, glamorise, or exploit crime.
Relevant
Code Provisions
Clause 1
(Accuracy)
i) The
Press must take care not to publish inaccurate, misleading or distorted
information or images, including headlines not supported by the text.
ii) A
significant inaccuracy, misleading statement or distortion must be corrected,
promptly and with due prominence, and — where appropriate — an apology
published. In cases involving IPSO, due prominence should be as required by the
regulator.
iii) A
fair opportunity to reply to significant inaccuracies should be given, when
reasonably called for.
iv) The
Press, while free to editorialise and campaign, must distinguish clearly
between comment, conjecture and fact.
Clause 2
(Privacy)*
i)
Everyone is entitled to respect for his or her private and family life, home,
health and correspondence, including digital communications.
ii)
Editors will be expected to justify intrusions into any individual's private
life without consent. In considering an individual's reasonable expectation of
privacy, account will be taken of the complainant's own public disclosures of
information and the extent to which the material complained about is already in
the public domain or will become so.
iii) It
is unacceptable to photograph individuals, without their consent, in public or
private places where there is a reasonable expectation of privacy.
Clause
10 (Clandestine devices and subterfuge)*
i) The
press must not seek to obtain or publish material acquired by using hidden
cameras or clandestine listening devices; or by intercepting private or mobile
telephone calls, messages or emails; or by the unauthorised removal of
documents or photographs; or by accessing digitally-held information without
consent.
ii)
Engaging in misrepresentation or subterfuge, including by agents or
intermediaries, can generally be justified only in the public interest and then
only when the material cannot be obtained by other means.
Clause
12 (Discrimination)
i) The
press must avoid prejudicial or pejorative reference to an individual's, race,
colour, religion, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation or to any physical
or mental illness or disability.
ii)
Details of an individual's race, colour, religion, gender identity, sexual
orientation, physical or mental illness or disability must be avoided unless
genuinely relevant to the story.
Clause
15 (Witness payments in criminal trials)
i) No
payment or offer of payment to a witness – or any person who may reasonably be
expected to be called as a witness – should be made in any case once
proceedings are active as defined by the Contempt of Court Act 1981. This prohibition
lasts until the suspect has been freed unconditionally by police without charge
or bail or the proceedings are otherwise discontinued; or has entered a guilty
plea to the court; or, in the event of a not guilty plea, the court has
announced its verdict.
*ii)
Where proceedings are not yet active but are likely and foreseeable, editors
must not make or offer payment to any person who may reasonably be expected to
be called as a witness, unless the information concerned ought demonstrably to
be published in the public interest and there is an over-riding need to make or
promise payment for this to be done; and all reasonable steps have been taken
to ensure no financial dealings influence the evidence those witnesses give. In
no circumstances should such payment be conditional on the outcome of a trial.
*iii)
Any payment or offer of payment made to a person later cited to give evidence
in proceedings must be disclosed to the prosecution and defence. The witness
must be advised of this requirement.
Clause
16 (Payment to criminals)*
i)
Payment or offers of payment for stories, pictures or information, which seek
to exploit a particular crime or to glorify or glamorise crime in general, must
not be made directly or via agents to convicted or confessed criminals or to
their associates – who may include family, friends and colleagues.
ii)
Editors invoking the public interest to justify payment or offers would need to
demonstrate that there was good reason to believe the public interest would be
served. If, despite payment, no public interest emerged, then the material
should not be published.
Findings
of the Committee
15. The
article had incorrectly reported that that C4C had won a “£8.8m contract with
Darlington Borough Council” to provide children homes services in 2020; this
was demonstrably incorrect as the award was a matter of public record, with the
scope and value of the contract available online. This clearly showed C4C was
one of a number of providers awarded the contract. This represented a failure
by the newspaper to take care over the accuracy of its statement and it
amounted to a significant inaccuracy, as it misrepresented the allocation of
public money to private companies for the provision of care. As such, the
newspaper was obliged, in accordance with the terms of Clause 1 (ii), to
correct this promptly and with due prominence.
16. Upon
receipt of the complaint, the newspaper had amended the online version of the
article, appending a footnote to the piece to record this alteration; this
footnote identified and corrected the inaccuracy. The newspaper also offered to
publish a further correction on page 2 of the newspaper; the location of its
established Clarification and Correction column. This offer put the correct
position on record and had been made as soon as the newspaper was notified of
the inaccuracy. This correction, in conjunction with the amendments to the
online article and a publication of a footnote correction, was offered with
sufficient promptness and the proposed location deemed sufficiently prominent
that the terms of Clause 1 (ii) had been met, and there was no breach of Clause
1 (ii).
17. The
complainant expressed concern that the article gave the misleading impression
that he was involved in illicit activity by placing the image of him, captioned
with his name and role at C4C, overlaying a stock image of a drug deal. The
Committee did not agree that the placement of the image was misleading. The
photograph of the drug deal was clearly a stock image, to illustrate the
broader allegations within the article. There was no suggestion that the
complainant was involved in any drug dealing activities; his connection to the
story was made clear in the article and in the caption to the photograph. As
such, the Committee did not find a breach of Clause 1 on this point.
18. The
complainant had also expressed concern under Clause 1 that the newspaper had
approached him for comment only two days prior to the publication of the
article whilst a police investigation was ongoing. There is no obligation
imposed by the Code for newspapers to approach individuals for comment prior to
their inclusion in an article. Rather, Clause 1 (i) requires publications to
“take care” not to publish inaccurate or misleading information; in some
instances, a publication will need to put allegations to an individual in order
to meet this obligation, but this will not be necessary in all cases. In this
instance, the publication had approached the complainant for comment two days
before publication, which the Committee considered was adequate time for him to
respond. In addition, the Committee noted that the complainant had not
identified any inaccurate or misleading allegations about him included in the
article which he suggested should have been put to him for comment prior to
publication. Furthermore, when the newspaper had contacted his representatives,
it had been informed that the complainant did not intend to engage with its
enquiries. In these circumstances, the Committee did not consider that the
timing or manner of the publication’s approach to the complainant demonstrated
a failure to take care and did not, therefore, find a breach of the Code on
this point.
19.
Clause 2 is designed to ensure that an individual’s private and family life is
respected. The complainant said that the newspaper had breached his privacy by
obtaining and publishing a photograph of him in his drive, without his
permission and consent. It was accepted by the complainant that his driveway
was visible from the public road. The Committee did not consider that the
complainant had a reasonable expectation of privacy while standing in a drive
that was visible from the road. The Committee also noted that the published
photograph disclosed only the complainant’s likeness; it did not disclose any
private information and did not show him engaged in private activity.
Furthermore, it identified him in the context of his previous professional role
with C4C; this was not private information. In such circumstances, the
Committee did not consider that the publication of the photograph represented
an intrusion into the complainant’s private life. There was no breach of Clause
2.
20.
Clause 12 relates to prejudicial, pejorative, or irrelevant references to an
individual’s protected characteristic. In this instance, the article did not
contain any such reference to a protected characteristic of the complainant.
There was no breach of Clause 12.
21. The
Committee noted that the complainant had raised further concerns over the
accuracy of the allegations against C4C and the nature of the publication’s
investigation, particularly in relation to the manner in which the information
contained in the article had been obtained, citing Clauses 10, 15 and 16 in his
complaint. In circumstances where these points related specifically to C4C, its
employees and the newspaper’s investigation of the organisation, the Committee
considered that it would require the direct involvement of C4C – or its
authorised representative – in order to be in a position to make a ruling on
these points of complaint. The complainant had confirmed that he was neither
acting on behalf nor with the consent of C4C. In the absence of C4C’s involvement,
the Committee could not consider these aspects of the complaint and therefore
made no ruling on the points raised.
Conclusions
22. The
complaint was upheld in part under Clause 1.
Remedial
Action Required
23. The
correction which was offered clearly put the correct position on record, and
was offered promptly and with due prominence, and should now be published in
print.
Date
complaint received: 23/11/2020
Date complaint concluded by IPSO: 28/10/2021
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